Removal of antibiotic-resistant genes during drinking water treatment: A review

Once contaminate the drinking water source, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) will propagate in drinking water systems and pose a serious risk to human health. Therefore, the drinking water treatment processes (DWTPs) are critical to manage the risks posed by ARGs. This study summarizes the prevalence of ARGs in raw water sources and treated drinking water worldwide. In addition, the removal efficiency of ARGs and related mechanisms by different DWTPs are reviewed. Abiotic and biotic factors that affect ARGs elimination are also discussed. The data on presence of ARGs in drinking water help come to the conclusion that ARGs pollution is prevalent and deserves a high priority. Generally, DWTPs indeed achieve ARGs removal, but some biological treatment processes such as biological activated carbon filtration may promote antibiotic resistance due to the enrichment of ARGs in the biofilm. The finding that disinfection and membrane filtration are superior to other DWTPs adds weight to the advice that DWTPs should adopt multiple disinfection barriers, as well as keep sufficient chlorine residuals to inhibit re-growth of ARGs during subsequent distribution. Mechanistically, DWTPs obtain direct and inderect ARGs reduction through DNA damage and interception of host bacterias of ARGs. Thus, escaping of intracellular ARGs to extracellular environment, induced by DWTPs, should be advoided. This review provides the theoretical support for developping efficient reduction technologies of ARGs. Future study should focus on ARGs controlling in terms of transmissibility or persistence through DWTPs due to their biological related nature and ubiquitous presence of biofilm in the treatment unit.     

高负荷人工土层地下渗滤系统处理生活污水中试工程的研究

对传统的地下渗滤系统进行改进,采用多层过渡结构的人工土层来增大对颗粒有机物的接触氧化表面积,同时设置曝气装置保证好氧过程的氧气供应,可以大大提高污水地下处理系统的水力负荷.以中国南方典型的红壤土、河沙和砾石为填充材料,处理广州地化所小区的生活污水,水力负荷达40 cm/d,远大于类似系统.试验结果表明,改进后的系统能创造良好的好氧/厌氧环境,对污染物去除效果良好,COD、BOD5、TN、NH 4-N、TP和SS去除率分别达到了76.7%～89.1%、83.3%～92.5%、50.3%～66.1%、65.2%～79.6%、75.4%～90.1%和77.0%～91.3%,出水主要污染物达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准或二级排放标准.     

Dissolution behavior of nutrient elements from dephosphorization slag in the weakly acidic solution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Dephosphorization slag is primarily composed of CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag system. As it contains abundant valuable components,...     

High performance of multi-layered alternating Ni–Fe–P and Co–P films for hydrogen evolution

Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co–P and Ni–Fe–P films on nickel foam, via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process. This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth. The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering. The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer. Importantly, the Co–P/Ni–Fe–P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium (1 mol L-1 KOH). The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.     

The effects of air pollution on the lung cancer mortality in rural areas of eastern China: a multi-region study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recently, the burden of lung cancer (LC) has attracted global attention. Meanwhile, LC has become the leading cause of death in China. Many studies...     

Does more voluntary environmental information disclosure cut down the cost of equity: heavy pollution industries in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Examining the coexisting policies for mandatory and voluntary disclosure of environmental information, this paper focuses on the unique background for...     

冬季大气中苯系物污染特征及人体暴露水平分析

2007年冬季对乌鲁木齐市空气中苯系物(BTX)进行了网格布点监测,并用气相色谱仪进行样品分析. 结果表明:冬季大气中苯(B)、甲苯(T)和二甲苯(X)的质量浓度分别为5.62~20.57,3.40~122.82和2.20~129.15 μg/m3. 与欧洲标准相比,该地区ρ(苯)较高,且部分地区高于欧洲控制标准;而ρ(甲苯)和ρ(二甲苯)较低,达到欧洲目标限值水平. 苯系物质量浓度和空间分布特点较显著,ρ(甲苯)与ρ(二甲苯)的空间分布较为一致,但与ρ(苯)的分布特点不同. 最后通过对苯系物的人口加权大气污染暴露水平进行分析可知,乌鲁木齐市ρ(苯),ρ(甲苯)和ρ(二甲苯)的污染暴露水平在空间分布上较为均匀,但人口密度空间分布不均匀,故与ρ(苯)分布没有显著的相关性. 城区的ρ(苯),ρ(甲苯)和ρ(二甲苯)的人口加权平均值均略低于全市人口加权平均值,说明虽然城区人口密度较高,但其ρ(苯),ρ(甲苯)和ρ(二甲苯)的人口加权污染暴露水平相对较低.      

艾比湖流域不同植物群落土壤呼吸研究

利用开路式土壤碳通量测量系统LI-8100测定艾比湖流域4种植物群落土壤呼吸速率日变化,分析土壤温度、湿度和气温以及空气相对湿度对土壤呼吸速率的影响.结果表明:胡杨、梭梭、芦苇和盐节木4种植物群落的土壤呼吸速率日变化基本呈单峰曲线.胡杨、梭梭和盐节木群落的土壤呼吸速率与地上10 和150 cm处气温均表现为极显著相关.除芦苇群落外,各植物群落土壤呼吸速率与不同深度土壤温度呈极显著负相关.除沙地梭梭群落外,胡杨、盐渍地梭梭、芦苇和盐节木群落的土壤呼吸速率与地上10和150 cm处的空气相对湿度均呈极显著负相关.不同植物群落土壤呼吸速率与土壤湿度呈极显著负相关.多元逐步回归拟合的回归模型均达极显著水平,由土壤温度和湿度共同拟合出的回归模型能够解释土壤呼吸速率变化87%以上的原因.不同植物群落土壤呼吸差异原因的分析显示,细菌、真菌、放线菌以及根系干质量不是造成植物群落土壤呼吸差异的主要原因.      

减压塔规整填料腐蚀现状与防护

介绍了减压塔规整填料腐蚀的现状,阐述了介质温度、流速、腐蚀介质种类和填料尺寸等因素对规整填料腐蚀的影响,提出了改变工艺、加注缓蚀剂、改变材质和加强腐蚀检测等防护措施。     

生态适宜的城市发展空间分析方法与案例研究

综合运用生态功能区划方法和土地建设适宜性分析技术,基于地理信息系统平台建立了生态适宜的城市发展空间区域(生态主导功能区)的划分方法,依据生态保护原则和土地开发适宜度,将城市生态主导功能区划分为禁止、限制、优化和重点开发区4种类型.介绍了该方法在大连市的应用.结果表明,大连市禁止、限制、优先和重点开发区面积分别占全市域土地面积的56%、19%、12%和13%.